Explain pipelining processing with an example of your own. Illustrate pipelining speed up equations under various conditions.

Differentiate between restoring and non-restoring division algorithm. Explain the restoring division algorithm with an example of your own.

Describe the interrupt cycle. Explain the interrupt cycle with the required flowchart.

List different arithmetic microoperations. Explain 4-bit binary adder-subtractor.

Briefly explain memory reference instructions.

List different binary codes. Explain any two of the binary codes.

Explain any five addressing modes with an example of each.

Define vector operation. Explain the concept of vector operation with an example of matrix multiplication.

Illustrate the working mechanism of Direct Memory Access in association with the concept of cycle stealing. How DMA is different from IOP.

Explain microprogram sequencer for control memory with the required figure.

Describe temporal locality and spatial locality. Differentiate between associative mapping and set associative mapping in cache memory.

Write short notes on

a) Handshaking
b) Control word